高考課件。
不為明天做好準備的人是沒有未來的，在幼兒園教師的生活工作中，時常需要提前準備資料作為參考。資料一般指可供參考作為根據的材料。參考資料可以促進我們的學習工作效率的提升。那么，你知道有哪些常見幼師資料嗎？有請駐留片刻，小編為你推薦高考課件，僅供參考，我們來看看吧！
非謂語動詞有三種形式：不定式，動詞ing形式(v-ing)及過去分詞(ed分詞)。
不定式的基本形式是由“to+ 動詞原形”構成，其否定形式是not to do，不定式可以帶自己的賓語或狀語，構成不定式短語，沒有人稱和數的變化，但有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化，不定式在句中可作主語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補足語，不作謂語。如：
Lucy asked him to turn up the radio.
To make a plan first is a good idea.
1. 動詞不定式不失動詞的特點，有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化，不定式有六種形式，以write為例：
(1)不定式的時態(tài)：
①不定式所表達的動作與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生或是在謂語動詞之后發(fā)生，不定式用一般式，如：
It seems that he knows this.
鯤e seems to know this.
I hope that I'll see you again.
鯥 hope to see you again.
②不定式所表達的動作與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生，并強調動作正在進行的情景，或持續(xù)性，不定式用進行式，如：
He pretended that he was listening to English course when I came in.
鯤e pretended to be listening to English course when I came in.
I am very glad that I am working with you.
鯥 am very glad to be working with you.
③不定式的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前，不定式用完成式，如：
I am sorry that I have put you so much trouble.
鯥 am sorry to have put you so much trouble.
It seems that I have met you somewhere before.
鯥 seem to have met you somewhere before.
④如果強調不定式所表示的動作從過去某一時刻起一直持續(xù)到某一時刻，不定式用完成進行時，強調動作的持續(xù)性，不強調結果。如：
She seems to have been reading the novel for three hours.
The rain was said to have been falling for a week.
(2)不定式的語態(tài)：當不定式的邏輯主語與不定式是被動關系時，不定式一般用被動式。如：
This is the plan to be discussed at today's meeting.
The novel is said to have been translated into several languages.
Whether most countries can use natural energy in future remains to be seen.
(1)不定式作主語：
To say is one thing; to do is another.
To read novels is my hobby.
it形式主語常常代替作主語的不定式，而將不定式或不定式短語放在后面。
To talk with him is a great pleasure.
鯥t is great pleasure to talk with him.
To make electricity by building a dam across the sea is possible.
鯥t is possible to make electricity by building a dam across the sea.
注意：①To see is to believe. 主語和表語都是不定式，不能用it代替：It is to believe to see是錯誤的。
②To answer correctly is more important than to finish quickly. 而finish與finishing放在than后面都是不合適的，因為前面句子的主語是to answer，后面的主語也要是to finish, 保持than前后句子結構平行。
At that time his job was to write reports for the newspaper.
This suit doesn't seem to fit me.
The problems remain to be unsettled.
(3)不定式作賓語：在下列及物動詞后，常跟不定式作賓語：want, need, hope, wish, expect, like, hate, try, manage, forget, remember, know, begin, start, intend, plan, mean, pretend, prefer, agree, refuse, learn等。
To keep the water clean, you need to get some under water plants.
I prefer to stay at home rather than go out.
They have decided to visit the nature park for the milu deer.
注意：不定式作賓語時，有時用“it”替換，it為形式賓語，而將真正的不定式作賓語后置，如：
I found to learn English well not easy.
鯥 found it not easy to learn English well.
I feel to help others my duty.
鯥 feel it my duty to help others.
Jim told me to give his best wishes to everyone here.
What caused you to change your mind?
在被動語態(tài)was considered后面，不定式為主語補足語接不定式作賓補和主補的動詞常有:
ask, beg, cause, call n, help, force, allow, permit, advise, order, get, want, wish, tell
等。
(其中沒有hope sb. to do, suggest sb. to do和agree sb. to do)
注意：①不定式作賓語補足語，在部分感官及使役動詞后，用不帶to的不定式作賓語，常用的動詞有：let, make, have, see, watch, notice, observe, look at, listen to, feel等，help有無to都可以，如：
The teacher had us recite the text every day.
The boss made his men work all the night.
把上面句子變成被動語態(tài)后，不定式成為句子的主語補足語，需帶to，即在被動語態(tài)中不定式一律帶to，不存在省略問題。
注意：②在謂語動詞think, consider, suppose, believe, imagine, prove, find等后面跟to be作賓補，不跟to do，但其中有些可跟to have done作賓補。如：
Imagine yourself(to be)in his place.
We found him(to be)honest.
suppose…to be/suppose…to have done.
I suppose him to be about fifty.
We suppose him to have stolen it.
(5)不定式作定語：不定式作定語，有時與前面被修飾的名詞邏輯上有動賓關系，如果不定式是不及物動詞或所修飾的名詞是不定式的地點，工具等，不定式后面須有相應的介詞，如：
I have a meeting to attend. (attend the meeting)
Pass me a piece of paper to write on. (write on the paper)
在time, place, way后面的不定式省略介詞，如：
He had no money and no place to live.
其他不定式作定語情況，如：
I have no chance to go abroad.
They had never moment to rest.
There is a lot of work to do.
=There is a lot of work to be done.
There is no time to lose.
=There is no time to be lost.
但是在下列句子中，不定式主動與被動形式意義不同：
--Have you anything to wash?
--No, nothing. I plan to go shopping.
不定式動作的執(zhí)行者是you. you wash something
--Have you anything to be washed?
--No, Thank you.
不定式動作的執(zhí)行者不是you. 是省略了的(…to be washed)by me或by someone else.
I got up early in order to catch the 6∶30 train.
The boy ran all the way so as not to be late.
注意：so as to不能置于句首，in order to可以。
②作原因狀語：
He smiled to think of his clever plan.
③在某些形容詞后面作狀語：
I am glad to see you.
You are sure to succeed.
④作結果狀語：
第一, I hurried to the post office, only to find it closed. (出乎意料的結果)
He is too old to read.
The boy is too young to dress himself.
當不定式前的形容詞為nervous, pleased, willing, delighted, happy, glad等時，too…to，“to…”可譯作肯定，
They are too nervous to leave. 他們急于離開
I am only too pleased to help you.
We are never too old to learn. 活到老，學到老。
第三，形容詞/副詞enough to do sth.
He was quick enough to catch the ball.
The girl is old enough to go to school.
第四，so…as to/such…as to如此……以致于……
He was so angry that he was unable to speak.
He was so angry as to be unable to speak.
He was such a fool that he believed the cheat.
He was such a fool as to believe the cheat.
⑤不定式作方面狀語，不定式作方面狀語與句子的主語構成邏輯上的動賓關系，不定式多用主動結構，如果不定式為及物動詞，后面不必再跟賓語，如果不定式為不及物動詞，要用相應的介詞，如：
The mountain is difficult to climb. (動賓關系：climb the mountain)
Lesson Two is easy to learn. (動賓關系：learn Lesson Two)
3. 不定式的邏輯主語：不定式的邏輯主語一般是句子的主語，如He seemed to be reading something, 當需要明確指出不定式動作的執(zhí)行者時，用for/of sb. (sth. )to do sth. 表示，如：
(1)當作表語的形容詞表達不定式的邏輯主語的品行，性格，性質時，要用of，常見的這類形容詞有:
brave, careful, careless, kind, nice, good, honest, clever, wise, unwise, stupid, foolish, rude, cruel, silly, thoughtful, impolite, polite, right, wrong, 等。這時It+ be+ 形容詞+ of sb. /sth. to do sth. 句型，等于sb. /sth. + be+ 形容詞to do sth. , 如：
It is very kind of you to say so.
相當于You are very kind to say so.
It is clever of him to win the competition.
鯤e is clever to win the competition.
It+ be+ 形容詞+ for sb. /sth. to do sth. 這一句型中的形容詞大多為：
easy, important, usual, difficult, hard, possible, impossible, necessary等。這些詞只能說明不定式行為的是與非，不能說明不定式的執(zhí)行者，所以不等于sb. + be+ 形容詞+ to do sth. ，如：
1)It is difficult for beginners to read the book.
不能說：Beginners are difficult to read.
但是第一類，即It+ be+ 形容詞+ of sb. to do sth. 句型中的形容詞，如right, impolite…等如果強調評論人用of，強調評論行為也可用for，應用情況如下：
(1)當sb. 為泛指時，形容詞著重評論不定式行為本身，如：
It was not right for the south to break away from the Union.
(2)當不定式為被動語態(tài)時，不定式的執(zhí)行者常常省略，因此形容詞只用來評論不定式行為了。
It was unkind for you to be laughed at.
4. 帶疑問詞的不定式：動詞不定式可以和疑問詞what, which, how, where, when, whether等連用，構成不定式短語，如：
The question is when to start.
They haven't ageed on whether to build a factory here or not.
what to say.
I don't know what to write about.
how to do it.
注意：沒有if to do和why to do.
I don't know why I should do it. (正)
5. 不定式省略“to”的情況：
(1)當and或or連接同一概念的不定式時，或者當它們之間的關系并列一致時，可將and或or后面的to省去，如：
I'd like to go and see a film.
He had to have a job or go hungry.
但是，有時為了表示對照，或加強語氣，則不可以省去to，如：
It is easier to say than to do.
(2)不定式在一部分感官或使役動詞后面作賓補省略to。
(3)不定式在but(除了……以外)，except后面的使用，如果but, except前有行為動詞do, but, except后省去to，如：
They had nothing to do but wait for the doctor.
The whole night he did nothing except watch TV.
(4)在固定句型中：would rather do…than do…/prefer to do rather than do:
1)The bus was so crowded that I'd rather walk home than take a bus.
2)I prefer to play tennis rather than(play)basketball.
6. “to”代表整個不定式：有時為了避免重復，省去不定式后面的內容，保留到不定式符號to, 如果是to be，保留到be，如：
--Will you please give him a message when you see him?
--I'll be glad to.
--Would you like to go shopping with me?
有時為了強調，也可以不省略。
Do what he or she tell you to do.
動詞-ing形式由動詞原形+ ing構成。動詞-ing形式起到名詞、形容詞和副詞的作用，在句中可作主語、賓語、表語、狀語和賓語補足語，但不能單獨構成謂語，其構成形式如下，以do為例：
完成時態(tài) having done having been done
Learning English is very important to me.
Having been widened, the road took on a different look.
隨著-ing在句子中所做的成分不同，所用的時態(tài)和語態(tài)有不同的要求，關于-ing的時態(tài)和語態(tài)的詳細使用，在下面ing所作的句子成分中講述。
1. 動詞-ing形式作主語：
Seeing is believing.
有時主語太長，可用it作形式主語，將真正主語放在后面。如：
It is fun swimming in a river or lake in summer.
It is dangerous playing/to play with fire.
但在口語中用動詞-ing形式放在句首比不定式多。
Going shopping is a pleasant thing.
②在下列句型中習慣用-ing作主語，不用不定式：
It is no good doing.
It is useless only learning English grammar.
It is no good cutting down the forest.
③在there+ be+ no+ 主語結構中，必須用動詞-ing作主語：
There is no telling what will happen in the future.
④主語和表語結構相同，對等。
Seeing is believing.
To see is to believe.
Would you mind my sitting here?
We suggest going out for a picnic on Sunday.
(2)在介詞后：
We look forward to seeing you again.
(3)在worth, busy, feel like, look like等形容詞后面：
China Daily is well worth reading.
The firefighters were busy putting out the big fire.
They look like winning the relay race.
Suddenly I feel like eating something.
動詞-ing做主語或賓語時，一般情況下其邏輯主語為句子的主語，如果需要自己的邏輯主語時，要用物主代詞或名詞所有格+ 動詞-ing，如：
His/Li Ping's coming late, made the teacher unhappy.
Would you mind my/me smoking here?
當動詞-ing不在句首時，可用人稱代詞賓格，名詞普通格代替，但邏輯主語為無生命的名詞，或泛指時，用普通格，如：
We heard the noise of desks being opened and closed.
3. 不定式與動詞-ing作賓語的比較：
(1)在下列一些動詞后面常跟動詞-ing作賓語，而不跟不定式：
admit, appreciate, advise, avoid, allow, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape,
excuse, face, feel like, finish, fancy, forbid, forgive, imagine, include, keep, mention,
mind, miss, practice, resist, risk, suggest等。如：
He practices speaking English every day.
He admitted having broken the window.
I much appreciate your giving me the chance.
She dislikes doing housework.
He enjoys nothing but playing the computer.
(2)在下列一些動詞后只跟不定式，不跟動詞-ing作賓語：
want(想要)，hope, expect, wish, decide, would like, refuse, manage, pretend, demand,
offer, afford, plan, wonder, intend…等，如：
I am expecting to get a letter from my parents.
We are planning to build another research center.
I'd like to buy a new car made in the U. S. A.
(3)在下列一些動詞后面跟不定式或動詞-ing形式作賓語，意義不同，如：
I remember doing this exercise before.
我記得以前做過這個練習。
Remember to post the book for me.
記住幫我把那本書寄走。
We shall never forget hearing Jackson singing.
我們忘不了聽杰克遜唱歌的情景。
Don't forget to give my regards to them.
I'll try to improve my pronunciation.
我要努力去糾正，提高我的發(fā)音。
Since no one answered the front door, why not try knocking at the back door?
既然前門沒人答應，為什么不試試后門呢?
I suggest we stop working and have a rest.
我建議我們停下干活，休息一會兒。
They stopped to listen, but there was no more sound.
他們停下來，聽一聽，再沒什么聲音。
What do you mean to do with your old bicycle?
你打算如何處理你那輛舊自行車?
I won't wait if it means delaying a week or so.
如果這意味著要推遲一星期左右，那我就不等了。
(4)在love, like, hate, prefer后面跟不定式和動詞-ing形式無多大區(qū)別，如：
Do you like to eat ice-cream?
I like traveling very much.
I like driving(do drive)fast cars.
(5)在start, begin后面，一般接不定式和動詞-ing形式無多大區(qū)別，在下列情況下，多用不定式：
①自然界變化：
It started to rain.
Snow started to melt as spring came.
②心理活動，在understand, know, realize等詞前面：
I began to understand my mother's feelings.
③begin, start本身為進行時：
Mother was starting to cook in the kitchen when I got home.
(6)在allow, advise, permit, forbid等動詞后面，有名詞或代詞作賓語，用不定式做賓語補足語，如果沒有賓語，直接用-ing形式，如：
1)We don't allow parking here.
2)The police don't allow people to park here.
3)He advised me to get an English pen friend.
4)I advise seeing more English films.
(7)need, require, want譯作“需要”時，跟動詞-ing作賓語，主動表示被動，相當于to be done，如：
The windows require cleaning.
The windows require to be cleaned.
The patient needs operating on at once.
The patient needs to be operated on.
The flowers want watering.
The flowers want to be watered.
(8)在一些固定表達中用動詞-ing形式，不用不定式：
can't help doing, be worth doing, devote…to doing, look forward to doing, be/get/become used to doing, object to doing, thank…for doing, excuse…for doing等。
Einstein devoted his life to making a research in science.
I'm looking forward to getting your letter.
We are used to living in the countryside.
4. 動詞-ing在句中作表語：
Our plan is setting up a new car factory.
My job is teaching/driving.
這類詞作表語，起解釋說明主語的作用，主表可顛倒：Teaching is my job. 轉換成問句，用what提問：
--What's your job?
--My job is teaching.
--How is your job?
--It is interesting.
--How was your trip?
--It is tiring, but interesting.
5. 動詞-ing作定語：
(1)表示被修飾名詞的用途：
There are two reading rooms in our school library.
a reading room其含義是A room is used for reading.
The swimming pool in our school is nearly completed.
the swimming pool其含義是The pool is used for swimming.
(2)如果動詞-ing形式作定語表示被修飾的名詞發(fā)出的一個正在進行的動作或某種特征行為，這時被修飾的名詞與動詞-ing邏輯上有主謂關系，如果是主動關系用doing, 被動關系用done, 或being done表達，另外有時間要求：
第一種情況：主動關系，-ing形式與謂語動詞同時進行，或經常發(fā)生，用doing，如：
Look at the dancing girl. She is one of my classmates.
Look at the girl who is dancing. ….
China is a developing country.
China is a country that is developing.
注意：①如果動詞-ing形式表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前，一般不用having done作定語，而用定語從句表達，如：
The teacher criticized the boy having broken the window. (誤)
The teacher criticized the boy who had broken the window. (正)
注意：②如果表達的是未來發(fā)生的動作，或含有情態(tài)概念，用不定式表達，如：
I have a meeting to attend today.
鯥 have a meeting that I will attend today.
Mary is the proper worker to do the job.
鯩ary is the proper worker who can do the job.
第二種情況：被動關系：動詞-ing表達的動作與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生，正在進行，用being done; 發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前，完成了的動作用done；發(fā)生在謂語動詞之后，未來的動作，用to be done. 如：
The bridge being built now is two kilometers long.
鯰he bridge that is being built now is two kilometers long.
The bridge built last year is two kilometers long.
鯰he bridge that was built last year is two kilometers long.
The bridge to be built next year will be two kilometers long.
鯰he bridge that will be built next year will be two kilometers long.
6. 動詞-ing作賓語補足語和主語補足語：經常在see, hear, feel, watch, notice,
observe, find, get, look at, listen to, keep, leave, send, set, catch等一些動詞后面用動詞-ing作補語，其中賓語和賓語補足語在邏輯上有主謂關系，如果主謂關系是主動的，又表示動作在進行，或狀態(tài)的持續(xù)，用doing; 如果主謂關系是被動的，又表示動作在進行，用being done，如：
I noticed them repairing the car.
鯳hen they were repairing the car, I noticed.
I noticed the car being repaired.
鯳hen the car was being repaired, I noticed.
如果賓語和賓補是主動關系，又表示動作的全過程，即完成或一般時態(tài)，賓補用不定式to do表達(在某些動詞后面不定式不帶to)；如果是被動關系，又表示動作的全過程，即完成時態(tài)用done表達，如：
I often notice them repair the car.
I noticed the car repaired.
如果把上述句子變成被動語態(tài)，賓語補足語就變成主語補足語了。
7. 動詞-ing形式作狀語：動詞-ing形式作狀語時，要求其邏輯主語必須是句子的主語，句子的主語與動詞-ing形式邏輯上有主謂關系。如果主謂關系是主動的，用主動語態(tài)；-ing動作與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生用一般式doing, 如果-ing動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前，用完成式having done, 如：
Walking along the street, I met a friend of mine.
相當于When I was walking along the street, I met a friend of mine.
Having finished their work, they had a rest. 相當于After they had finished their work, they had a rest.
如果主謂關系是被動的，用被動語態(tài)；-ing動作與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生，用done；如果-ing動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前，已完成的動作，用被動語態(tài)的完成式having been done, 如：
Having been cleaned and decorated, our classroom took on a new look.
相當于After our classroom had been cleaned and decorated, our classroom took on a new look.
Well known for his expert advice, he was able to help many people.
相當于As he is well known for his expert advice, he was able to help many people.
注意：-ing形式做狀語時，如果-ing形式需要自己的邏輯主語，人稱代詞用主格，名詞用普通格，如：
Mother/She being ill, he had to stay home to look after her.
It being Sunday, the shops are crowded.
過去分詞由動詞+ ed構成，起到形容詞和副詞的作用，在句中可作狀語、表語、定語和賓語補足語。過去分詞的性質是被動，完成，但有時側重程度，有時側重被動，不及物動詞變成的過去分詞無被動的意義，過去分詞形式由動詞原形加詞尾-ed構成，及部分不規(guī)則的詞如：done, played.
①側重程度：
boiling water 沸水 fallen leaves落葉
boiled water 涼開水 frozen chicken冷凍雞
②側重主、被動：
a broken glass, a dancing girl, a damaged house.
1. 過去分詞的作用：
(1)過去分詞作狀語：同動詞-ing形式作狀語一樣，過去分詞的邏輯主語是句子的主語，如是被動關系，又與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生，或無一定時間對比，用過去分詞，如：
Seen from the top of the mountain, the lake looks like a mirror. (相當于The lake is seen)
相當于When the lake is seen from the top of the mountain it looks like a mirror.
Heated, water can turn into vapor.
相當于If it is heated, water can turn into vapor.
(2)過去分詞作表語：
We are interested in science.
(3)過去分詞作定語：過去分詞作定語，有時間要求，發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前，即完成的動作，用done，而不用having been done.
The bridge built last year is 2 kilometers long.
People invited to the party are most scientists.
(4)過去分詞作賓補：
I noticed the car repaired.
2. 過去分詞與動詞-ing形式的區(qū)別：
(1)作表語和定語的區(qū)別：動詞-ing形式表示事物對人造成的影響，事物是主動的，常譯成令人……，使人……；過去分詞表示人對事物的看法產生的心理反應，人是被動的，常譯作：感到……如：
The news is surprising.
We are surprised at the news.
這類詞很多，如：inspiring, inspired, astonishing, astonished, tiring, tired,
moving, moved, disappointing, disappointed, worrying, worried, encouraging, encouraged, …….
(2)作賓補的區(qū)別：賓語與賓補邏輯上有主謂關系，主動用動詞-ing或不定式表達，被動用being done或done表達。
We found him standing outside the door.
He found the door locked.
(3)作狀語的區(qū)別：用作狀語的動詞，與句子的主語邏輯上有主謂關系、主動用-ing形式，被動用過去分詞。
The boy entered the room, followed by a dog.
相當于The boy entered the room and he was followed by a dog.
The boy entered the room, following his father.
相當于The boy entered the room and followed his father.
(4)-ing形式與ed分詞都可以作狀語，表示時間、條件、原因、伴隨、結果、讓步、程度，如：
Having brought her father back to England, Lucy helped him to get better. (時間)
After she had brought her father back to England, Lucy helped him to get better.
Disturbed by the noise, we had to finish the meeting early. (原因)
We had to finish the meeting early because we were disturbed by the noise.
Born a free man, he was now in chains. (讓步)
Though he was born a free man, he was now in chains.
(If) bitten by a snake, you should send for help and not walk. (條件)
鯥f you are bitten by a snake, you should send for help and not walk.
The boy ran in, carrying a ball in his arm. (伴隨)
鯰he boy ran in and carried a ball in his arm.
He dropped the plate, breaking it into pieces. (結果)
鯤e dropped the plate and broke it into pieces.
(5)-ing形式與ed分詞的否定式，由not+ -ing構成：
Not knowing how to do it, I asked him for help.
2.知人論世，了解兩篇短文的作者及寫作背景。
過程與方法目標： 1.誦讀，在讀的過程中把握文意，體悟陶弘景的思想感情。
2.了解文章的意境，培養(yǎng)感知寫景類文章中作者思想感情的能力。
情感態(tài)度與價值觀目標：感受作品中大自然的純凈美好，培養(yǎng)學生熱愛祖國河山的感情。
重點：了解文章的意境，培養(yǎng)感知寫景類文章中作者思想感情的能力。
難點：誦讀，在讀的過程中把握文意，體悟陶弘景的思想感情。
“一切景語皆情語”，自然界景象萬千，但欣賞者境界、生活閱歷、具體的心境的不同，都會觸發(fā)不同的感受，流露于文字，形成一篇篇膾炙人口名篇，今天我們走進《答謝中書書》，讓我們去領略作者所描繪之美景，去品味游者的心境。
陶弘景(456—536年)，字通明，號華陽居士，南朝齊、梁時期的道教思想家和醫(yī)藥家。仕齊時，拜為宣都王侍讀，左衛(wèi)殿中將軍。入梁，隱居茅山華陽洞。梁武帝禮聘不出，但常以朝廷大事與他商討。時人稱他為“山中宰相”。有《陶隱居集》。
教師指導學生朗讀課文，要求讀準字音，讀通文句，讀出節(jié)奏、韻律、情調。
(1)教師配樂朗誦，學生聽讀，掌握字音、節(jié)奏。
(2)學生大聲朗讀，品味四字句的節(jié)奏。
(3)選一學生讀課文，其余同學點評。
1.學生讀課文，口頭翻譯課文，畫出疑難句。
2.桌之間討論交流，解決疑難問題。教師巡視酌情指導。
3.指導學生積累詞語，理解文句。
4.理清思路，指導學生背誦。
明確：《答謝中書書》全文可分三部分?！吧酱ㄖ?，古來共談”總領全文。中間的寫景部分，先仰視“高峰入云”，再俯瞰“清流見底”，再平視“兩岸石壁”“青林翠竹”，最后分“曉”與“夕”兩層來寫。最后以感嘆總括前文。
1．He did what he could to help the students．
析：情態(tài)動詞could后應接動詞原形。此句中的不定式符號to似乎應去掉，但實際上，此處的could后省去了原形動詞do以免重復，不定式to help the students作目的狀語。
2．He told us all what he had seen in the park．
析：先行詞為不定代詞all時，應用關系代詞that引導的定語從句。此句中的what似乎應改為that。但實際上，此處的all為代詞，作us的同位語，意為“我們所有人”，what引導一個賓語從句。
3．Judging from his accent，he must be from America．
析：現在分詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語應與句子主語保持一致。此句中的Judging似乎應改為J udged。但實際上，此處的judging from為現在分詞的固定結構，無需考慮其邏輯主語是否與句子主語一致。
4．If he will listen to me，I'll give him some advice．
析：if引導的條件狀語從句的動作如尚未發(fā)生，其謂語應用現在時而不用將來時。此句中的 will似乎應去掉。但實際上，will在表示意愿、意圖、決心時，可用于條件狀語從句中。
5．His uncle has come here for seven days．
析：非延續(xù)性動詞的現在完成時不可與用作時間狀語且表示一段時間的for短語連用。此句中的come似乎應改為been。但實際上，此處的for seven days是作目的狀語，相當于to sta y （for）seven days。
6．He is too clever not to believe what she said．
析：too…to…結構常用來表達否定意義，意為“太…不…”。此句中的not似乎應去掉。但實際上，too…not to…結構是用來表達一種肯定含義，意為“太…不會不…”。
7．They all think Tom to be a disappointing boy．
析：現在分詞作定語或表語，表示事物的性質特征，過去分詞作定語或表語，表示人物的心理活動或狀態(tài)。此句中的disappointing 似乎應改為disappointed。但實際上，現在分詞作定語修飾人時同樣表示性質特征，意為“使（令）人…”。
8．He asked me what was on on TV that night．
析：具有完全相同的詞性和詞意的兩個詞中間如沒有連詞就不可連用。此句中的兩個on似乎應去掉一個，但實際上，此處的兩個on各不相同，第一個on為副詞，意為“…在進行（上演） ”，第二個on為介詞，意為“在…上”。
9．Time should be made full use of to study hard．
析：介詞后面應接名詞、代詞或動名詞作賓語，不可接不定式作賓語，此句中的to study似乎應改為studying。但實際上，此處的made full use of 的邏輯賓語是句子的主語time，不定式to study hard 作目的狀語。
10．Would you like to have attended the meeting to be held tomorrow？
析：would like后接不定式一般式表示“主語現在或將來想要做某事”。此句中的to have attended 似乎應改為to attend。但實際上，would like后接不定式完成式表示“主語過去本來想要做某事”。
11．The film was so moving it made us moved．
析：so…that…意為“如此…以致”，that引導結果狀語從句。此句中的moving后似乎應加上連詞that。但實際上，此結構中的that在引導結果狀語從句時可被省略。
12．He didn't allow us smoking in the office．
析：動詞allow后接不定式作賓語補足語，即allow sb．to do sth．此句中的smoking似乎應改為to smoke。但實際上，此處的allow后是接動名詞作賓語，us為smoking的邏輯主語，也可用our替換。
13．He told his brother to try a third time．
析：序數詞前應加定冠詞表示特指。此句中的不定冠詞a 似乎應改為the。但實際上，序數詞前也可加不定冠詞，表示泛指，意為“又一，再一”。
14．He had a delicious lunch in that restaurant．
析：在一日三餐的名詞前通常不加冠詞。此句中的不定冠詞a似乎應去掉。但實際上，一日三餐的名詞前有修飾語時應加冠詞。
15．She thinks it is a most interesting book．
析：the most與多音節(jié)形容詞或副詞連用，構成最高級，意為“最…”。此句中的不定冠詞a 似乎應改為the。但實際上，a most與（多音節(jié)）形容詞或副詞連用，用來加強語氣。most相 當于very，意為“很、非常、極其”。
16．Such little children can't carry the stone．
析：可數名詞復數或不可數名詞前的形容詞為many，few，much，little時，應用so來修飾，而不用such，此句中的such似乎應改為so。但實際上，此處的little不表示“少”而是表示“ 小”。
17．There is no need for you to report it to the teacher．
析：代替不定式短語、動名詞短語或名詞性從句作句子的形式主語應用it。此句中的There似乎應改為It。但實際上，此處的不定式短語for you to report it to the teacher是作定語，修飾名詞need。
18．His tone suggests that he is satisfied with our work．
析：動詞suggest后接賓語從句時，從句的謂語應用虛擬語氣形式即“（should）+動詞原形”。意為“建議”，此句中的is似乎應改為be。但實際上，此處的suggest表示“暗示、表明 ”，賓語從句的謂語應用陳述語氣形式。
19．What he enjoys makes us very surprised．
析：動詞enjoy后應接動名詞作賓語。此句中的makes似乎應改為making。但實際上，此處的 enjoys的賓語是引導主語從句的連接詞what，makes作主句的謂語。
20．I'll be very happy if you could come here．
析：在含有從句的主從復合句中，主從句的時態(tài)在時間的關系上通常應保持一致。此句中的could似乎應改為can。但實際上，此處的could表示的是一種客氣委婉的語氣，指的是現在或將來。
21．I think his brother cannot do the work too well．
析：動詞think后接否定意義的賓語從句時，通常應將構成否定的副詞not移到動詞think前 。此句中的cannot似乎應改為can，在think前加don't。但實際上，此處的cannot…too… 盡管形式上是否定的，但卻表達肯定的意義，是一種較為特殊的結構，意指“無論…也不為過，越…越…”。
22．-He died last night． -I don't believe it．
析：動詞believe后接賓語從句時常常承前省略，若為肯定意義，常被省略成so，若為否定意義，常被省略成not或not…so。此句中的it似乎應改為so。但實際上，此對話的前半部分提供的是一個事實，其后應用it來指代這一事實，表示“難以相信…”，而不是陳述自己的看法或觀點。
23．I have read the article in some magazine．
析：some在表示“一些、若干”含義修飾可數名詞時，此可數名詞應用復數形式。此句中的 magazine似乎應改為magazines。但實際上，some在修飾單數可數名詞時，表示“某一個”。
24．He rushed out from behind the door．
析：介詞后面通常應接名詞、代詞、動名詞或what從句。此句中的behind似乎應去掉。但實際上，某些介詞像from后也可再接一個介詞短語，使得語意具體、準確。此處的behind如去掉，則語意不當。
25．He was about to go out at that time．
析：be about to do sth．意為“即將（正要）做…”，其后通常不應再接一個具體的時間狀 語，此句中的at that time 似乎應去掉。但實際上，at that time表示的是句子謂語動作發(fā)生的時間界限即在“當時”，而不是表示謂語動作發(fā)生的時間范圍。
26．My brother envies you your good health．
析：動詞envy意為“羨慕、嫉妒”，“羨慕你的好身體”從語意上講完全正確，此句中的you似乎應去掉。但實際上，envy是一個必須后接雙賓語的動詞。
27．All but he had managed to escape from the fire．
析：介詞后接人稱代詞時應用其賓格形式，此句中的he似乎應改為him。但實際上，介詞后面的人稱代詞如在謂語動詞之前，可用其主格形式代替賓格。
28．The student was on his way to see a film．
析：on one's （the）way to …意為“在去…的路上”，其中的to常被當作介詞后接動名詞 ， 此句中的see似乎應改為seeing。但實際上，此處的to也可作為不定式符號，后接動詞原形。
29．He wasn't well that day，so that he didn't go there．
析：連詞so在連接兩個并列分句時，存在著一種因果關系，即前分句為原因，后分句為結果 。此句中的第二個that似乎應去掉。但實際上，so that 這一關聯詞除了引導目的狀語從句外，也可引導結果狀語從句。
30．He listened to the teacher nice and carefully．
析：修飾動詞應用副詞。此句中的nice and 似乎不恰當，應去掉。但實際上，“nice （good fine）+and”是一個特殊的固定結構，用來強調后面的形容詞或副詞，加強語氣，相當于very，意為“很，十分，非?！?。
總述: 謂語動詞的變化形式取決于時態(tài)和語態(tài): 英語的時態(tài)有十六種, 中學英語中有十二種常見的時態(tài); 語態(tài)有兩種, 即主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)
1.在主動語態(tài)中, 各種時態(tài)的謂語動詞的一般形式如下:
現在 do / does am / is / are doing have / has done have / has been doing
過去 did was / were doing had done had been doing
將來 shall / will do shall / will be doing shall / will have done X
如果謂語是be動詞, 則可用be動詞的適當形式( be / am / is / are / was / were / been)代替以上表格中的黑體字部分. 此外, 過去將來時的形式是: should / would do或should / would be
2.在被動語態(tài)中, 各種時態(tài)的謂語動詞的一般形式如下:
現在 am / is / are done am / is / are being done have / has been done X
過去 was / were done was / were being done had been done X
將來 shall / will be done X shall / will have been done X
另外, 過去將來時的被動語態(tài)形式是should / would be done
一.一般現在時:
1.構成: 通常以動詞原形表示. 主語為第三人稱單數時, 則用動詞的第三人稱單數形式來表示
2.用法:
a. It is fine today.
b. I am a student.
c. I get up at six every day.
d. My father never takes a bus; he walks to his office.
a. Japan is to the east of China.
b. The sun rises in the east.
c. A horse is a useful animal.
③.表示將來確定會發(fā)生的動作(如己安排好或計劃好的動作或按時刻表將來一定會發(fā)生的動作), 可以這樣使用的動詞有: go, come, leave, start, arrive等
a. My train leaves at 6:30.
b. The football match is played the day after tomorrow.
a. I will let you know as soon as I hear from him.
b. We will go if it is fine tomorrow.
c. I will be away when he arrives.
d. We shall not begin the discussion until he arrives.
e. Mother, I won’t go out unless you agree.
f. Don’t try to run before you begin to walk.
⑤.在某些以here / there開頭的句子中用一般現在時動詞表示現在正在發(fā)生的動作
a. Here comes the bus.=The bus is coming.
b. There goes the bell.
⑥.在體育比賽過程中, 解說員敘述迅速, 短暫動作時, 可用一般現在時, 表示正在進行的或剛剛發(fā)生的動作
a. Ma Lianbao passes the ball to Mu Tiezhu, Mu shoots – a fine shot !
a. When the curtain rises, Juliet is sitting at her desk. The phone rings. She picks it up and listens quietly.
①.表示說話時正在進行著的動作, 或現階段正在進行而說話時不一定正在進行的動作
a. I am writing a letter.
b. My mother is making a dress these few days.
②.表示即將發(fā)生的動作(如在最近按計劃或安排好要進行的動作), 常見的有這種用法的動詞有: come /go / leave / start / arrive等, 常與表示將來時間的狀語連用
a. They are going to Shanghai on Friday.
b. John is coming here next week.
③.現在進行時動詞與always, continually, constantly等連用, 表示反復出現的或習慣性的動作
a. The little boy is always asking questions.
b. You are always saying that sort of thing.
④.在一定的上下文中, 前一句用一般現在時動詞表述現在發(fā)生的事實, 后一句用現在進行時動詞來闡述這一事實的原因, 結果, 目的等
a. He frowns. He is worrying about his boy.他皺著眉頭, 因為他在為他的孩子擔心. (is worrying表示原因)
b. She criticizes him. She is trying to correct his wrong habits. 她批評他, 想糾正他的壞習慣. (is trying表示目的)
c. She lets her child have his own way. She is spoiling him. 她不管她的孩子, 把他慣壞了. ( is spoiling表示結果)
⑤.不表示持續(xù)的行為, 而表示知覺, 感覺, 看法, 認識, 感情, 愿望或某種狀態(tài)的動詞通常不用現在進行時, 如: see, hear, smell, taste, recognize, notice, forget, remember, understand, know, believe, suppose, mean, think, love, hate, care, like, dislike, worry, forgive, want, wish, hope, refuse, feel like, belong to , possess, own, have, be, seem等
a. He has gone to Shanghai. ( =He went to Shanghai and he is not here now. )
b. I have opened the window. ( =I opened the window and the window is now open.)
c. The concert has started. ( =The concert started and is now going on. )
d. I have had breakfast. (=I had breakfast and I am not hungry now. )
②.表示開始于過去, 持續(xù)到現在(也許還會繼續(xù)進行下去)的動作或狀態(tài), 用于延續(xù)性動詞, 且句中常帶有表示段時間的時間狀語
a. I have studied English since 1987.
b. He has lived here for two years.
c. He has been ill for ten days.
3.現在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別:
①.現在完成時和一般過去時所表示的動作都發(fā)生在過去, 但前者將過去的動作與現在的結果或對現在的影響聯系起來, 而后者只限于表示過去的動作本身, 與現在無關
②.現在完成時不能與表明確時間的狀語如: yesterday, last year, two days ago, when I came in等連用, 但可與表示不明確時間的狀語如: already, yet, sometimes, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever等連用, 也可以和包括現在在內的時間狀語如: this morning, today, this week, this year等連用
a. She has already come.
b. I have met him before.
c. Ma Hong has always been a good student.
d. Have you ever been to the Great Wall ?
e. I have seen him this morning.
四.現在完成進行時:
①.它具有現在完成時的特點, 即表示動作發(fā)生在過去, 延續(xù)到現在或對現在產生影響
②.它具有現在進行時的特點, 即可以表示此動作仍在進行或還會繼續(xù)
a. Mr. Smith has taught English for twenty years. ( 至今為止教過二十年英語, 至于teach是否結束或是否延續(xù), 不得而知)
b. Mr. Smith has been teaching English for twenty years.( 現在仍在教英語,而且將持續(xù)下去)
3.用法:
①.表示現在之前的一段時間里一直進行的動作, 此動可能仍在進行, 也可能剛剛停止
a. I have been reading the book all the morning.
b. He has been staying here for two hours.
c. I have been living in Beijing since 1972.
a. I have been calling you several times in the past two days.
4.現在完成時與現在完成進行時的區(qū)別: 前者著重表示過去動作對現在的影響或結果; 后者著重表示過去動作的持續(xù)進行
a. I have written six letters since I got back.我己經寫了六封信 (強調結果)
b. I have been writing letter since I got back. 我回家后一直在寫信 (強調“一直在寫”)
c. I have read this book.我讀過這本書了(強調“讀過”這一結果)
d. I have been reading this book.我一直在讀這本書 (強調“一直在讀”)
2.用法:
①.表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間內發(fā)生的動作或情況, 其中包括習慣性動作
a. I met him yesterday.
b. I used to go to school early every morning.
c. He entered the classroom, sat down at his desk and began to work.
d. Last night, I listened to the radio for two hours and went to bed at midnight.
a. Helen had left her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband came home.
③.用一般過去時的句子一般有過去的時間狀語, 有時也用地點狀語暗示動作的發(fā)生是在過去
a. Have you seen a pen ? I left it here this morning.
a. This time yesterday we were having an important meeting.
b. A year ago we were living in Shanghai.
②.過去進行時常與always, continually, frequently等詞連用, 表示過去經常發(fā)生或反復發(fā)生的情況
a. The old man was always losing his way.
b. The two brothers were frequently quarrelling.
③.表示過去將要發(fā)生的動作, 這一用法僅限于一些表示位置轉移的動詞, 如: go, come, start, stay, leave等
④.過去進行時經常與一般過去時配合使用, 過去進行時表示過去的時間背景
a. The teacher was giving us a lesson when Tom walked into the room.
2.用法:
①.表示過去某時間或動作以前己經完成的動作或己存在的狀態(tài), 即“過去的過去”
a. When all his money had gone, Marx had to leave his house in London.
b. Marx had learned some English before he got to England.
c. He said he had never been to Shanghai.
d. By the middle of last month I had lived in Beijing for five years.
②.在帶有after / before引導的時間狀語的句子中, 由于after / before本身的詞義己經表明了時間的先后, 所以這類句子中常用一般過去時代替過去完成時
a. We left the house before it began to rain.
b. I didn’t wait long before he came.
c. After we finished the tea, we all sat on the grass.
d. After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English.
八.過去完成進行時:
2.用法: 表示一直持續(xù)進行到過去某一時刻的動作, 該動作可能剛剛結束, 也可能還在進行
a. I had been waiting for two hours before the manager came down to see me.
b. By the end of he had been learning English for five years.
1.shall / will do (shall用于第一人稱), 此結構表示單純的將來, 不涉及主語的主觀意愿
a. I shall be twenty years old next year.
b. You will meet him at the station this afternoon.
c. The train will arrive soon.
2.be going to do sth, 此結構表示打算最近或將來要做某事, 或說話人根據己有跡象認為非?？赡芗磳l(fā)生的事
a. I am going to meet Tom at the station at six.
b. He is going to stay here for a week.
c. Look at these black clouds --- it is going to rain.
d. I am afraid I am going to have a bad cold.
3.be +動詞不定式, 此結構表示職責, 義務, 意圖, 約定, 可能性等
a. You are to be back by 10 o’clock.
b. There is to be a sports meet next week.
c. We are to meet at the school gate.
4.be about to do sth, 此結構表示“立刻, 馬上”要做某事或發(fā)生某情況
a. We are about to leave.
b. Autumn harvest is about to start.
a. This time tomorrow we will be talking with the boss about this matter.
b. I will be studying in this university for the next four years.
a. I will be seeing him next month.
b. We will be taking our holiday at the seaside in July.
c. He will be arriving at six tomorrow morning.
十一.將來完成時:
2.用法: 表示在將來的某一時刻之前將要完成的動作, 這一動作也可能繼續(xù)進行
a. By seven o’clock this afternoon we shall have arrived in Shanghai if the train keeps good line.
b. Before noon we will have completed this work.
十二.過去將來時:
a. He said he would go to Shanghai for the holiday.
b. He told me that I should succeed.
a. They were going to have a meeting.
b. The students were going to plant some trees around the playground.
a. We were to finish the work in three days.
b. I was about to go out when a friend dropped in.
2.用法: 過去將來時表示相對過去某一時刻來說將要發(fā)生的動作或呈現的狀態(tài), 以上各形式的具體用法與一般將來時各形式的用法相似
a. The work must be done right now.
b. That prisoner may be sentenced to death.
a. His bike has been stolen.
b. This window was broken last night.
a. China was liberated in 1949.
b. I was told you were late this morning.
a. The plan has already been made.
b. Yao Ming was elected MVP of the last week.
三.主動句變被動句:
a. The manager gave me ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.
→I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.
2.帶有賓語從句的主動句變被動句時, 賓語從句變成主語從句, 通常不位于句首, 句首用形式主語it
a. We can learn from the text that delicious apples are big.
→It can be learned from the text that delicious apples are big.
3.帶有雙賓語的主動句變被動句時, 將直接賓語或間接賓語變成被動句的主語都可
a. My brother gave me a birthday present.
→I was given a birthday present. / A birthday present was given to me.
4.帶有復合賓語 (即賓語+賓補) 的主動句變被動句時, 賓補的形式一般不變, 只是名稱變成了主補, 但當賓補是不帶to的不定式時, 要變成帶to的不定式
a. I saw him play near the river. He was seen to play near the river.
5.含有短語動詞的主動句變成被動句時, 不要遺漏短語動詞中的介詞或副詞
a. The children must be taken good care of. / Good care must be taken of the children.
四.應注意的問題:
a. The children were excited at the news.
b. We are interested in the English novel.
c. The mother was worried about her son’s absence.
b. This kind of cloth washed very well.這種布很耐洗
c. This pen writes quite smoothly.這支筆很好使
d. This dish tastes good.這道菜味道不錯
e. This kind of cloth feels smooth and soft.這料子摸起光滑柔軟
3.不是所有的及物動詞都有被動語態(tài), 某些表示狀態(tài)或關系的動詞或短語動詞只有主動語態(tài), 而無相對應的被動語態(tài). 常見的這類動詞有: cost花費, fit適合, have有, hold容納, lack缺乏, own擁有, suit適合, fail失敗, belong to屬于, agree with同意
在很久很久以前，盤古開天地后，誕生了許多掌事者。過去、現在與未來，她們分別掌管著人類過去、現在與未來的事情。她們雖然是姐妹，但小時候關系卻并不好，長大后也是各行各素。
女媧造人后，她們三個被分派到了不同時空里掌管事務。過去被分派到了以前的世界里，負責收藏人類的回憶;現在則待在了現實世界里，監(jiān)管著人們的一舉一動;未來呢，被分派到了遙遠的未來世界，預知著人類的未來。
過去從不主動與現在和未來聯系?，F在和未來由于相距甚遠，也不常往來。
有一天，現在看見了一個男孩兒。他整天無所事事地玩耍，不是睡覺就是玩游戲，成績直線下降?，F在非常好奇他的未來是怎么樣的，但是他又不好意思去找未來詢問。
在同一天，未來也看見了一個男孩兒。那個男孩兒黑黝黝的，整天推著沉甸甸的沙石車行走在建筑工地，脖子上隨時都搭著一條毛巾，時不時地擦擦汗。未來也很好奇，他現在究竟是什么樣的?但他同樣不好意思去問現在。
終于，他倆再也忍不住了，異口同聲地問道：“帶我去看一個小男孩兒吧。”這是他倆第一次心有靈犀、不約而同。
現在先帶著未來去了小男孩現在的世界里。未來看到現在的小男孩不思進取、虛度光陰，不由地感嘆道：“原來他現在的生活是這樣的，難怪……”
接著，未來帶著現在來到了小男孩的未來。現在看見了小男孩未來的生活，感慨他未來的生活竟這么慘，但卻沒有半分同情。想起小男孩現在的生活，他覺得他未來的生活活成如此模樣，正是“現在不努力，未來不會陪你演戲?！钡恼鎸崒懻?。
他倆一致認為應該給現在的小男孩一點提醒，讓他及時醒悟。于是，他們來到了小男孩的身邊，發(fā)現他正在睡覺?，F在拍了他一下，把他拍醒了，未來打開了兩界的通道，讓未來的小男孩看見了現在的小男孩。
現在醒來的男孩一頭霧水，而未來那個被曬得黑黝黝的男孩則慢慢露出笑容，對現在的男孩豎起了一個大拇指，并說道：“加油吧少年，趁現在!”男孩見狀，馬上用手拍了拍自己的臉龐，幡然醒悟。接著，翻開書爭分奪秒地學習了起來。
高考作文擬題技巧教學設計范文
教學目標
1、教授擬題方法，快速準確擬題
2、鼓勵創(chuàng)新思維，力求脫穎而出
教學重難點：擬題技巧
教學方法：點評作文標題，提取取標題的方法
教學設計思路：
關于高考作文如何取標題的問題，資料相當多。這也證明了此專題的重要性。但是每一個班都有適合他們自己穿的“鞋子”，我就是想為我現在所帶班級找到適合自己的“鞋子”。
擬題時，忌諱很多。但我只講我們班學生存在的普遍問題；擬題方法也有很多，但我重點講化用、借用；方法點睛時，可以選用很多的例子，但我只用班上學生自己取得標題。
我通過統(tǒng)計學生最近三次大考中的作文標題，將其列舉，讓學生自己去評價。一切看似高深的方法，我們都會用。最后讓學生實戰(zhàn)演練，將白板交給學生。修辭擬題法，作為靈活環(huán)節(jié)，看上課情況而定。時間寬松多講點，時間緊張少講點。文中所用作文材料將一資料的形式放在整篇設計的后面。
課時安排：1課時
教學過程：
一、導入新課（2分鐘）
故事激趣：有一位攝影愛好者，拍攝了一幅某少女在樹林里撐著傘的鏡頭，畫面、色彩和角度都不錯，起名《晨曦》，此稿投向多個雜志社，結果都被退稿。后來有一位專業(yè)人士建議作者把題目換為 《有約》。結果不但見諸報刊，還獲得了三等獎。
“題高則詩高，題矮則詩矮，不可不慎也””花香蝶自來，題好一半文”那么這次我們結合本次聯考作文談談如何取標題。
二、三忌（8分鐘）
（一）標題忌跑題或偏題（3分鐘）
1、亮標題。將本次考試中，同學們的作文標題在多媒體上展現出來。先亮出低分作文標題。
細節(jié)決定成敗 是金子總會發(fā)光 穩(wěn)中求進
2、討論原因
本則材料側重于教練發(fā)現了許海峰，因為教練關注細節(jié)，許海峰成功了，所以第一個標題有問題
如果沒有教練，許海峰的成績又不是很好，他這塊金子將會被埋沒，所以第二個標題也有問題。
至于，穩(wěn)定性，只抓住了材料的枝葉，沒有抓住主干。
3、確定正確立意
先有伯樂，然后又千里馬 慧眼識人才…
得出結論：標題首先要切題
作文取標題實戰(zhàn)演練。通過對三篇學生近期所寫的三篇作文取標題,教會學生去一個能讓人一見鐘情的標題
（二）忌過于寬泛，大而無當（2分鐘）
1、亮標題?！墩勎拿鳌贰段拿鞯囊饬x》（市聯考作文題）這類標題，雖然用的人不多，但每一次都有那么幾個人。
2、結論：要從自己確立的角度出發(fā)，不要題文不符；不能過于寬泛，大而無當要求合理。
（三）忌俗套，千遍一律。（3分鐘）
有的人用添加法，結果100份試卷中就由10個人一樣或者類似的標題。 我們每一次作文都會給大家一定的`范文，但是有的東西用爛了就不稀罕了。比如上學期，我們見到《莫讓浮云遮慧眼》，到現在為止，還有很多同學去仿寫。
一?？荚囍?，我們有一位同學去了一個號標題《讓完美之花開在缺陷的枝頭》 結果在二次聯考中出現了若干《讓…花開在…枝頭》其實別人是模仿2012年江西滿分作文中的《辛福之花，開在追去的枝頭》或許還有更早的源頭。
三、方法點睛（15分鐘）
（1）修辭法 巧妙地運用比喻、對比、引用、設問、反問、呼告、對偶、夸張、雙關等常見的修辭手法，結合文章的內容進行特殊的加工編擬出標題，可以收到新穎含蓄的獨特效果。
比喻，比擬我們同學這幾次作文也用得比較多。
《從心做起》《忙，茫，盲》利用諧音雙關等等
（2）引用式，化用法。
引用就是把詩詞歌曲、名言警句、成語俗語等引入標題上，或略加改造，可以收到翻出新意、出奇制勝的效果。
（3）反彈琵琶新視角
在考場上，我們給作文擬題不但要快，而且要求新求趣，給人耳目一新的感覺。這就要求我們克服思維定式，逆向思考，追求陌生效果，擬出讓閱卷教師一見鐘情、怦然心動的好標題。
（ 4）符號法
《傳統(tǒng)都去哪兒了》 《且行且珍惜》
《夢里尋“綠”千百度》 《發(fā)展誠可貴，人性價更高》 《且向花間留晚照》（本次適應性考試的標題）
《讓文明之花開在文明枝頭》 《敢讓謙讓換新風》
《文明之花別樣紅》 《天行健君子以文明不息》 《六尺巷》（以上是同學們在九江市聯考中取得標題）
《野百合也有春天》 《借我一雙慧眼吧》
《莫讓瑕疵遮慧眼》 《的盧過檀溪》
《千里馬的春天綻放在伯樂的慧眼上》 《其真無馬耶》
（以上是針對分宜中學、臨川中學等地聯考作文取得標題）
四、實戰(zhàn)演練
閱讀材料，選擇一個角度構思，自主立意，寫一篇不少于800字的文章。
一頭驢子和一匹馬到某磨坊去應聘推磨工作。結果，驢被選中，馬遭淘汰。 一年以后，這匹馬被伯樂相中，成了遠近聞名的千里馬。
磨坊的主人聞訊以后，后悔不迭地跑去對千里馬說：“你如此能干，當初我居然沒有聘用你，我真是有眼無珠呀!”
作文取標題實戰(zhàn)演練。通過對三篇學生近期所寫的三篇作文取標題,教會學生去一個能讓人一見鐘情的標題
“ 幸虧當初沒被你聘用。”千里馬說，“不然，我現在就不會成為千里馬，而是變成一頭推磨驢了!”
1、讓學生課上取標題，允許討論
2、讓學生在白板上自由發(fā)揮，然后大家一起來探討標題的可否性。
五、作業(yè)布置
根據上述材料，請選擇一個角度構思作文，自主確定立意，確定文體，確定標題；不要脫離材料內容及含義的范圍作文，不要套作，不得抄襲。
一．假定你的名字叫張明，是一名高二學生。你于6月28日用英語給李老師寫了一封信。告訴她，你很喜歡英語。但是覺得單詞很難記，并常犯語法錯誤。你希望老師給你提些建議，以便學好英語。
2、開頭語、結束語已為你寫好。
Dear Miss Li,
I’m a student in Senior One. I like English very much . But I have a lot of trouble in learning it. I find it difficult to remember English words and I often make lots of mistakes in grammar. Could you give me some advice on how to learn English well?
I’m sorry for giving you so much trouble.
I would be most grateful if you could write to me.
Best wishes!
Yours respectfully,
二．請你按要求寫一篇日記（字數60-80）。要點如下：
1、月29日星期五乘車去爬山；2、原定早上8點鐘出發(fā)，汽車9點鐘才到；
3、車在路上出了毛??；4、到達山腳時天下大雨；將近下午5點鐘雨才停。
My family and I decided to climb a mountain today. We had planned to set off at eight by bus. For some reason the bus didn’t come until nine o’clock. Unluckily (Unfortunately) for us, something went wrong with the bus on the way to the mountain. But when we arrived at the foot of the mountain, it began to rain heavily. It was nearly five o’clock in the afternoon when it stopped raining. Son we had to come back.
How disappointed I am today!
三．假如你是李剛，你寫信邀請你的英國筆友Jackie來參加你班將舉辦的暑假夏令營（Summer camp）活動，并請他回信告訴你他是否能來。(字數：100字左右。) 內容要點如下：
1.活動時間：7月20日至7月27日； 2.地點：之江渡假村（holiday village）；
3.內容：參觀杭州風景名勝；語言學習講座；舉辦晚會等；
Dear Jackie,
Haven’t been able to write to you for a long time. I wonder how you are getting on recently.
As you know. the summer vacation in China is coming. And the students in our class are going to have a summer camp. Would you please have the pleasure to come and join us? The summer camp is going to be held in the Zhijiang Holiday Village from July 20th to July 27th. In the summer camp，we are going to pay a visit to the places of interest in Hangzhou. And we are going to have talks on the study of languages and have parties as well.
Oh, I’m sorry I have to stop here now. Would you please write to tell me whether you can come and when if you can.
Best wishes.
根據以下提示，以Our Great Country為題，寫一篇60-80個詞的短文，要求要點齊全，不要逐詞翻譯。
1．中國位于亞洲東部，是世界上最大的國家之一。
2．首都北京是政治文化（cultural）中心，有許多名勝。
3．偉大的祖國，歷史悠久，人口眾多，人民勤勞勇敢。
4．我們熱愛我們的祖國。
China, which lies in the east of Asia, is one of the largest countries in the world. It is a great country with a long history. Beijing, the capital of China, is the political and cultural centre and has many places of interest. China has a large population and the Chinese people are brave and hardworking. We love our great country.
五．A New Use for Tony‘s Model Plane為題，根據上面圖畫所
描繪的故事，寫一篇80詞左右的短文。
A New Use for Tony’s Model Plane
Tony was flying his model plane in the fields. There were
dark clouds gathering in the sky . Suddenly it began to
pour down very heavily . Tony was wet all over and
had to stop flying his plane . But soon the rain stopped.
Tony started to fly his plane again. But this time he used
the cord of his plane as a clothes-line to dry his wet shirt.
So he found a new use for his model plane.
六．你（林蘭）去找美國朋友Jenny不遇，留下一張便條。(詞數：60-80字)
內容如下：
1． 今晚去藍石電影院看影片“藏龍臥虎”(Hidden Dragon Crouching Tiger)
3． 在學校門靠附近乘301路公共汽車。在第三個站下車，向前走約5分鐘，電影院在大型超市旁邊。
Jenny,
I’ve come to tell you that we’re going to see the film Hidden Dragon Crouching Tiger this evening. We will meet at the gate of the Blue Stone Cinema at 7:30. I guess you would like to see the film. You can take a No301 bus near the school gate and get off at the third stop. Then walk straight ahead. It takes about 5 minutes. You’ll see a big super market. The cinema is next to it. You can’t miss it.
內容要點如下：
3. 過程：做準備活動（warm-up exercises）:老師講解并示范； 我緊張而失??；不灰心，反復練習；終于跳過三米。
Yesterday afternoon we had a PE lesson. After warm-up exercises, our teacher told us the way of long jump and showed us how to do it. Then we followed the teacher and practiced one after another. Soon came my turn and I felt a little nervous. I failed the first time but I wasn’t discouraged. I kept on practicing. At last I managed to jump over three metres. From the lesson I came to see that one will succeed if one has perseverance.
八．假定你是張玲，你寫信給某報編輯投訴服裝質量問題.
內容包括：
1. 上星期天你在紅星百貨商店買了一件襯衫 2. 洗衣服時發(fā)現襯衫腿色
3. 回商店要求換一件，遭拒絕 3. 希望生產長廠家ABC公司關注產品質量
Editor,
I am writing to complain about the poor quality of a blouse produced by the ABC Company.
Last Sunday, I bought a blouse at Red Start, the largest department store in the city. The salesgirl said it was of good quality. But in fact, there was something wrong with it. When I washed it, the colour ran. I went back to the store to change it, but was refused. I felt very disappointed. I do hope the company will pay more attention to the quality of their goods if they want to get into the world market.
Thank you very much.
Yours faithfully,
Our English club has decided to organize a trip to the Nanhaizi Milu Park next Saturday, the 20th of October. We will meet at the school gate at 7:00 a.m. The school bus will leave at 7:15 a.m. Please be there on time.
Please get something ready for a picnic lunch. Be sure to wear strong shoes as we shall do a lot of walking. And don’t forget to bring your cameras.
We hope everyone in our club will join the trip.
Oct. 16.
Dear Li Yun,
Next Monday is my birthday. I’m going to hold a birthday party at home in the evening. It will begin at 7:30. Would you like to come? I’ve also invited some of my classmates and some friends of ours.
Now I live at 12 Guang Ming Road. You can take Bus No.23 or No.45, and get off at the stop of Guang Ming Road. Then walk south for 50 metres. It’s a red house with a white door. You can’t miss it.
I do hope you will come.
Today we had a new English teacher. His name is Zhang Wen. He is a tall, young man with a pair of glasses. He told us that he was glad to teach us English.
When he taught, he spoke English. At the beginning, I found it a bit hard to understand him, but at the end of the lesson I felt much better. I was really happy, because I could not only read English, but also understand English through listening.
In order to help with the study of English, the Students Union will hold an English report next week. We have invited Professor Cook from Sydney University to give us a talk. The lecture is about some features of Australian English. The talk will be given at the Lecture Hall on Oct. 12, starting at 3:30 P.M. Each class may send 10 students to attend the lecture.
Do be there on time.
no smoking , please!
Smoking is a bad habit. It is bad for the health of the smokers themselves and the people who are around them. In fact, many kinds of diseases are caused by smoking. Every year, millions of smokers die from smoking tobacco.
Smoking itself is a waste of money. It costs one so much money. Besides, many fires are often caused by careless smokers.
Young people! Don’t join the group of people in hospital, the group of dying people, because they smoke.
An English summer camp is going to be held in the Dinghu Mountain by the school from Auguest 1 to Auguest 10.
Here are the time tables. In the morning, spoken English and some lectures about western cultures will be arranged. In the afternoon, students are going to take part in some activities such as climbing mountains, swimming, and playing games. In the evening, English activities will be held, at which students will sing some English songs and put on some English plays. Those who want to go to the camp should register from June 25 to June 30 in the teachers’ office.
同學們，我們無不為三峽的雄奇險拔、清幽秀色所陶醉。其實，莽莽神州，茫茫九派，高山大岳，千流百川，我們偉大的祖國哪兒不是神奇如畫呢?不信，就請你細細品讀陶弘景的寫景小品文《答謝中書書》，讀完后你一定會覺得江南的山水真是一幅清麗的山水畫，是一首流動的山水詩呢!
3、學生交流所查到的資料，教師補充。
陶弘景――南北朝時期的思想家、醫(yī)學家和文字家。又被稱為“山中宰相”。他的《答謝中書書》，描繪山川秀美，清新簡淡，為歷代寫景名作。
“山中宰相”――齊高帝曾經召他進宮陪伴太子讀書。后來，陶弘景遠離塵世，隱居句曲山(今茅山)。他精通陰陽五行、山川地理、天文氣象。梁武帝繼位后，他“禮聘不出”。因此，每逢有兇吉、祭祀、征討大事，朝廷都要派人進山向他請教，故稱他為“山中宰相”。陶一生好松。每當輕風吹拂松枝，發(fā)出“沙沙”的聲響時，他就象聽到仙樂一樣如癡如狂。有時，他竟一人進山，專去聽山野松濤之聲，人又稱之“仙人”。
2、以同座為單位交流自學情況，疏通文意，提出認為比較重要的或解決不了的詞句。
山川之美，古來共談。高峰入云，清流見底。兩岸石壁，五色交輝。青林翠竹，四時俱備。曉霧將歇，猿鳥亂鳴。夕日欲頹，沉鱗競躍。實是欲界之仙都。自康樂以來，未復有能與其奇者。
1、 以小小組為單位欣賞作者是怎樣寫景的.(參考《山峽》的各種描寫角度)
2、 古人善于從一川一坳之中發(fā)現地理形勝之美，在對美的描述之中表達其中的適己之意。想想此文表達了作者怎樣的感情?
【其一：山水相映之美。山的峻峭，水的明麗。水的動勢給山增加了活力，山的倒影給水鋪上了異彩，二者相映成趣。其二：色彩配合之美。兩岸石壁，五色交輝;青林翠竹，四時俱備，藍天作背景，綠水為襯托，絢麗動人，美不勝收。其三：晨昏變化之美。清晨白霧繚繞，似煙似縷，猿啼鳥鳴生機勃勃;傍晚紅日西沉，山色蒼茫，飛鳥歸林，猿猴息樹，游魚躍水。其四：動靜相襯之美。高峰為靜，流水為動(形體)。林青竹翠為靜，五色交輝為動(光色)日出霧歇為靜，猿鳥亂史鳴為動;日落山暝為靜，游魚躍水為動(聲響)。
總之：先仰視“高峰入云”，再俯視“清流見底”，又平看“兩岸石壁”“青林翠竹”，最后又分“曉”，“夕”兩層來寫，一句一景，次第井然。同時注意了色彩的配合、晨夕的變化，動靜的結合等。】
【酈道元抓住江水與兩岸高山特征，狀物傳神，描繪了一幅奇異美妙、既生機盎然又幽深冷靜的圖畫，又于其中寄寓對祖國大好河山的熱愛贊美之情。
陶宏景的《答謝中書書》，寫的則是普通的山川之美，他狀寫高峰清流、石壁清林，描摹日光的色彩變化和猿鳴魚游，都是一些常見之景，但寫得清麗自然，自有一股渾然天趣，表露自己居身其中的歡樂、愉悅、悠然自在之情?！?/p>
本文和《山峽》一樣，四字寫景句非常多，試最大化地運用或改用它們說一段話來描繪景物，看誰用得多，用得好。
高峰入云，清流見底。兩岸石壁，五色交輝。青林翠竹，四時俱備。
曉霧將歇，猿鳥亂鳴。夕日欲頹，沉鱗競躍。
兩岸連山，略無闕處。重巖疊嶂，隱天蔽日，
夏水襄陵，沿溯阻絕。
春冬之時，素湍綠潭，回清倒影，懸泉瀑布，飛漱其間，清榮峻茂，良多趣味。
1、借助注釋和工具書疏通文意，翻譯課文，提出認為比較重要的或解決不了的詞句。
2、文章主要寫了什么景，是怎樣寫的?
4、 作者的思想感情與《答謝中書書》有什么不同?
相信《高考課件》一文能讓您有很多收獲！“幼兒教師教育網”是您了解幼師資料，工作計劃的必備網站，請您收藏yjs21.com。同時，編輯還為您精選準備了高考課件專題，希望您能喜歡！
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